我国竹展平技术研究现状与展望

竹展平板是圆竹筒的板材化利用的一种形式，竹展平技术则是将竹筒经软化、展开、定型等多个工序变成板状材料的关键技术。依据我国近几十年内的竹展平技术专利，文中综述了我国第1代无损竹展平、第2代损伤竹展平和第3代无刻痕竹展平技术的发展历程；对比分析了3代竹展平的关键技术、设备特点、产品特性及应用领域；鉴于竹展平板生产线的不连续性和竹展板产品单一的现状，提出了产品多样化、加工精准化、生产自动化和规模化的竹展平技术发展方向。     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV), 60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai'an City, Shandong Province of China in April 2017. SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced. An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch, seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage. The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G, which is a typical molecular biological characteristic. Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14, N26, N277, N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene. To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm, the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens. The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%. The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1, 2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35, 30.85 and 7.47%, respectively. The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm. These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.     

CMS-D2恢复基因对陆地棉主要性状的影响

选用1对同质异核的哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育恢复基因近等基因系——保持系和恢复系为试验材料，分别在黄河流域棉区（河南安阳）和长江流域棉区（江西九江）2个生态点种植，对棉花苗期生长、全生育期主茎功能叶片光合生理指标、花药发育状况、产量及其构成因素以及纤维品质性状进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）恢复基因对棉花苗期生长、花药发育以及全生育期净光合速率无显著影响；（2）恢复基因对黄河流域棉区棉花产量性状具有显著的正效应，对长江流域棉花产量无显著影响；（3）恢复基因可以显著增加棉花纤维长度。本研究对棉花胞质不育恢复系的选育和改良具有一定的指导意义。     

睡莲叶片胎生发育转录组分析

睡莲叶片胎生现象是繁育途径的重要补充,对种群的传播、扩散和生态环境的适应性有重要作用。通过转录组测序技术筛选和分析睡莲叶片胎生现象相关的代谢路径和调控基因,为深入认识睡莲叶片胎生发育的分子机制提供参考。以叶片具有胎生现象的‘小花睡莲’（X）和叶片无胎生现象的‘蓝星睡莲’（L）为材料,利用RNA-Seq技术对叶片4个发育阶段的叶脐部分进行生物信息学分析。分析对照（L）和样品（X）叶片不同发育阶段测序结果：筛选出的差异表达基因（DEGs）中,34 909个基因（48.65%）表达上调,36 850个基因（51.35%）表达下调。DEGs分析显示,随着叶片的发育,X和L上调基因和下调基因数均呈增加趋势。对L1-vs-X1、L4-vs-X4阶段的GO和KEGG功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要富集在质膜和膜相关成分、胞外区域、细胞壁等相关的细胞组分中,涉及到代谢过程、生物合成和应急响应等;Pathway代谢通路表明,DEGs主要参与到植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷类生物合成、氨基酸类代谢、类黄酮生物合成、甘油磷脂类代谢以及细胞周期相关等过程。对DEGs进一步分析,克隆出了4个可能参与睡莲叶片胎生发育的转录因子。     

祁连山国家公园生态保护意识调查——以祁连县县城为例

旨在调查当地人对祁连山国家公园生态保护意识的强弱,以地处祁连山国家公园腹地的祁连县县城为例,随机选取祁连县县城流动人口及固定商户,使用问卷调查法进行研究。结果表明：18岁以下调查对象生态保护意识较低,其再受教育水平空间较大,生态保护意识提升空间较大;46~60岁年龄阶段学历层次及政策性知识了解程度较高,对生态保护意识较强;60岁以上调查对象生态保护意识较差,其对生态保护知识及相关政策性知识了解较旧。生态保护意识的强弱伴随年龄及受教育程度的提高而变强,受教育程度是影响生态保护意识最显著的因素,可针对性提出政策以提高生态文明水平及保护意识,积极推动国家公园生态发展。     

RGB1 Regulates Rice Panicle Architecture and Grain Filling Through Monitoring Cytokinin Level in Inflorescence Meristem and Grain Abscisic Acid Level During Filling Stage

正RGB1 regulated not only rice panicle architecture but also the grain filling process. Suppression of RGB1 expression resulted in a denser panicle and smaller grain size and weight, which was largely due to the lower endogenous cytokinin (CK) level caused by the increased expression of cytokinin oxidase genes in the inflorescence meristem. Suppression of RGB1 expression also significantly delayed the grain development and reduced the starch accumulation rate through reducing grain abscisic acid(ABA) accumulation during early filling stage. Exogenous ABA can partially rescue the detrimental effects of suppression of RGB1 expression on starch accumulation and grain weight.     

沙棘果实中主要活性成分质量分布

沙棘作为一种抗逆性、适应性、萌蘖性较强的植物资源，被广泛应用于黄土丘陵地区荒山绿化、土壤改良、水土保持和砒砂岩治理。沙棘不仅具有良好的生态价值，其果实中富含多种生物活性物质。本文凝练了沙棘果实中活性化合物的构成、分布及活性特征，并对沙棘果实活性物质的研究进行展望。基于相关文献，针对黄酮、花青素、酚酸、有机酸、肌醇、维生素、类胡萝卜素、不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇等广泛存在于沙棘果实中的化学成分进行总结分析，提供沙棘果实中上述活性物质分布情况的综合信息。研究表明，针对沙棘果实中活性物质的构成、分布和活性特征的研究较为丰富，但在部分领域仍缺乏研究，如栽培技术条件对活性物质的影响，活性物质与沙棘果实加工中异味的关联性等。本文为沙棘果实在食品、药品及保健品行业中的综合利用提供了理论支撑，为促进沙棘资源在经济中的全面发展提供参考。